The report by Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses is premised on the fact that India is facing a serious water resource problem and is expected to become 'water stressed' by 2025 and 'water scarce' by 2050. It raises fundamental questions about the forces driving water demand and the political dynamics of riparian relations, both in terms of hindrances and opportunities, amongst states in the subcontinent. Rivers, a crucial source of water resources, physically link upstream and downstream users and at the same time create barriers.
Rivers, are intricately linked to developmental goals and domestic needs and thus impact bilateral relations. In the backdrop of water challenges in the region, while it is important to adopt sensible riparian policies and 'healthy rivers' schemes it is equally important not to ignore the political realities. Many of the existing treaties may have to be evaluated afresh and new treaties based on current hydrological knowledge will need to be framed.
The geographical contours of India as upper, middle and lower riparian is likely to develop into the epicentre of riparian politics. As an active regional player, India, will have to balance its growing water needs and larger security concerns with effective 'hydro-diplomacy'.
The report begins with a discussion on what water security means for India and examines the relevance of water in the larger national security context. In examining the water management conundrum, the report takes stock of the water situation in India and critiques some aspects of its water management policies. The thrust, however, is on the external riparian dynamics.
A regional riparian evaluation follows thereafter with focused analyses of India's water related issues with Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. The report ends with some reasoned recommendations.
Download the report here