Anjal Prakash from SaciWATERs, Hyderabad report on the theme, 'Knowledge, Education and Capacity Development Strategies'.
Coordinated by UNESCO , IHE with about 24 other institutions around the world, the session focused on the issues related to knowledge management and development. This is with in the context of sharing newly gained knowledge through appropriate systems. In particular, the session addressed the need of strengthening the role of education, knowledge and capacity development in sustainable use and management of water resources. Friday witnessed the deliberations of the main theses in three parts , knowledge management and development, institutional capacity building and empowering organizations and people. In his opening remark, Richard Meganck, head of UNESCO , IHE and Kusum of NetWater & WfWp stressed the need to energized actors outside traditional water sector. They called for bridges divides between theoretical and political boundaries. "The capacity building needs go beyond training to develop talent and it starts where training ends"said Ms Athukurala.
Providing the key note address Lidia Brito of Euado Monalake University, Mozambique called for local action to influence global process. She stressed that the goal of capacity building mean critically analyzing the existing policies and to come out with alternate policies. She stressed that capacity building means providing people with multiple choices. Apart from the other speakers, the session witnessed the dramatic dialogue between three IWRM capacity building networks from three continents, South America (Concentrations), South Asia (Crossing Boundaries) and South and eastern Africa (Water Net). The dialogue showed how mainstream masculine water knowledge alienates people including the concerns of women and marginalized. They called for processes that are inclusive within the present knowledge systems. South to South Networking was seen as an alternative for knowledge sharing that was mediated through interdisciplinary knowledge generation framework. The three sub-sessions called for developing capacities and competencies of stakeholders and finding efficient, sustainable, economically attainable and socially equitable solutions. Dealt in a participatory way where participants engaged in a dialogue with specific groups, the outcome of the sessions borders on responding to the grass root demand and needs of stakeholders, collaboration and exchange of knowledge between scientists and practitioners for having more impact of capacity development in the water sector.
Discussion on Managing and Protecting Water Resources and their Supply Systems to meet Human and Environmental Needs
The discussions during the Forum on this theme debated the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) paradigm in managing and protecting water. The freshwater resources on our planet are limited. We have to therefore try to increase water supply for food, that creates pressures on freshwater resources through contamination and results in diseases. The supply of adequate water is needed and vital for development. However, climate change and global warming will make it harder to supply adequate water for everyone. On the other hand, we have the threat of pollution over existing water resources. Improvements in managing existing water systems and better governance will play a big role in securing water for the future. The Third World Forum discussed good and poor practices about management and cooperation for IWRM, the key actions needed to ensure the future and what was needed to plan at the national, regional and global levels, as well as the changes needed in planning priorities and the legal framework.The preservation of natural ecosystems, land use and planning are integral parts of our development plans. Taking into consideration the priorities of human development is the topic for this theme, that got the largest number of contributions and the most interest, different points of view and discussions. Hosan Ozlu, Turkish Hydraulic Works, said all international partners had helped in developing Theme 3 in various ways. "We are talking about managing and protecting water supply and sources. Human needs have to be balanced with other needs as there are no other planets with available water resources. We need to find a way and I believe there will be a time when humans can manage the hydrological cycle. Human development and water infrastructure are closely related. Water supply, dams and waste water treatment are vital to a country's development and only countries in advanced stages of development can manage their water resources properly." The discussions will help develop management information systems, planning and innovative tools. IWRM is a vital issue but there are only a few success stories from the larger river basins. IWRM should be developed further to achieve more successful results and water resources have to be kept unpolluted and governed and managed better. We need the contribution of all stakeholders and therefore your contributions are valuable, he said. Karen Krchnak, Nature Conservancy, said we need to remember water for the environment is water for development, when we talk about water for growth and development; they were not separate things. This conference was about technical solutions as much as policy solutions. Therefore, people responsible for policy had to speak to each other. In devising policy on water for humans and the environment, we had to consider the impact of the economic crisis that had become severe. We have to take of solutions within the economic crisis as the figure for addressing water issues is estimated at USD 100 billion, that has to be viewed against the money spent on bailing out companies. She said there were four topics to be considered:
1. Basin management and transboundary cooperation
2. Adequate water storage facilities 3. Agricultural needs of water 4. Managing and protecting surface, ground and rainwater 1. Brian Richter of the Nature Conservancy said water brings precipitation to some places and dryness to others. In the basic hydrologic cycle, water is constantly in motion. We are dealing with the motion of water, and managing this is fundamental to human needs and keeping the planet healthy. Humans and animals have learnt to adjust to the seasonal variations in the movement of water as these are critical to their survival. Flood recession agriculture takes advantage of the variations in river systems by taking advantage of the floods and low flows. The conventional wisdom in altering water flows was to leave a leave a little trickle of water in the river but this did not take into account seasonal needs of humans and nature. Now, we have learnt to manipulate water flows for our own purposes and have the ability to completely alter the water flows in rivers. Modifying these rhythms can be at the peril of the plants and animals as well as the 2 billion human beings who have a close relationship with their rivers. When we mess with the natural rhythms of water to bring power, water for agriculture, we have to be careful of the impact on other things such as people, fisheries, and ecology. Areas that retain potential for hydropower development are also rich in biodiversity and support large human populations engaged in traditional occupations. On the other side, we have to consider the imperatives that 1 billion people lack access to drinking water, 9 million die from hunger each year and 2 billion don't have access to power. Our response has been to build new dams for hydropower, dig tubewells, canals or other forms of diversion to manipulate water flows. We have a big decision going forward , there have been tragic consequences of the way we have managed our water resources that have affected between 500-1,000 million people in terms of food security/livelihoods. This does not seem the right way to go forward. We don't need a technological breakthrough as we know how to plan water resources now in a way that does not affect other human beings. We need to be mindful, respectful towards the natural water flows that existed before we intervened. We should not alter them so much that it affects other human beings and ecology, and operate within sustainability boundaries.
2. Basin Management and Transboundary Cooperation. Lena Salame, UNESCO, said a strong political will and long term commitment are prerequisites for sustainable river basin management and transboundary management. Many countries have made significant progress on IWRM at the river-lake-aquifer levels. However, this is insufficient to meet the demands of the world and maintaining integrity of river systems should be part of national policy. Water should be managed in river units, groundwater in aquifer units. She said we need quality info on resources that should be used as the objective basis of decision making and coordination of financing. The government and users should both participate in decision making and focus on long-term objectives of basin management. Financial resources and instruments have to be changed to meet the needs of different countries. Alongside, we need to create systems to find complementarity, as well as implement the polluter-pays principle. Riparian states need to ratify available conventions and new ones should be crafted at the basin level. New institutions have to be created to facilitate transboundary issues, and the implementation of international instruments for transboundary agreements to promote cooperation around water resources between river basin organizations
3. Ensuring Adequate Water Resources and Storage Infrastructure to Meet Agricultural, Energy and Urban Needs. Luis Berga, of the International Commission on Large Dams, said more than 30% of population lack basic water-related security , drinking water, food, sanitation. The population will continue to increase, as will urbanization. How can the needs of an additional 3 billion people in the coming decades for food water energy housing be met within the existing resources? The issues considered in these discussions included irrigation infrastructure , 270 m ha, covering 176% of cultivate land producing 40% of food; drinking water infrastructure; wastewater treatment facilities , 50% don't have adequate sanitation and the coverage is especially low in developing nations. Water critical for human health, even though in developing countries the most important use of water is industrial; hydropower infrastructure development is fairly advanced. Hydropower is renewable energy, accounting for 20% of all energy generated currently. Water infrastructure is also needed for flood mitigation and transport. Water infrastructure is linked to a country's socio-economic development. Developed countries have a high stock of infrastructure while developing countries need it as a vital input for development. This must take place in context of improving efficiency of existing systems through IWRM. Development must be sustainable in the fight against poverty. Infrastructure development can have major impact on society and environment. Addressing it will provide intended benefits through IWRM, bringing in environment and cultural aspects. It will help maintain environmental flow regimes within river basins. In conclusion , water for agriculture and energy and urban and rural needs will necessitate new water infrastructure. A more sustainable approach is needed to minimize negative impacts.
4. Preserving Natural Ecosystems: Ecosystems for Water and Life. Summarising the discussions, Mathieu Pinkers of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Netherlands, said times have changed and action is urgently needed on water for ecosystems for water and life. We have to change our minds and hearts to preserve our natural ecosystems. Since last year, half of the world's population now lives in cities. They use 2% of the earth's surface but contribute 60% to water use, 75% of industrial use of water, and 80% of energy consumption. They are far removed from the ecosystems they are dependent on for water. There is a need for change to ecosystems for water and life. The key actors to shift the paradigm are individuals and local communities. The key action is to focus on a system of knowledge and information to build their capacities to deal with their own environment. To do this we have to recognize natural ecosystems have certain services and these have to become important in our economic and social lives. We have to integrate these with land use planning, water management, NRM planning and management. Capacity building is top priority. We need a paradigm shift in thinking on ecosystems for water, water for people and ecosystems for people. The terrestrial ecosystems fulfill essential functions in the water cycle and provide ecosystem services of great benefit water management. Realization of these benefits requires proactive coordination of land and water management. Sustainable use of ecosystem services may represent a cost-effective strategy with multiple benefits for land water and climate compared with investments in structural measure, cost effectiveness is achieved in particular when several sector recognize the benefit so that the investment can be shared, payment for ecosystem services can be rationalized. Spreading the wealth water for socio economic development and poverty reduction needs healthy rivers and requires action to encourage application of environmental flows in development, including employing multidisciplinary teams. We need to act locally and think globally. The main messages here are that the security of our business depends on maintaining natural river systems that provide water resources and other benefits. Many communities depend on this system for survival. There is an urgent need to work together on land, coastal and water management issues for sustainable development and sharing knowledge will help make better decisions.
5. Managing and Protecting Surface, Groundwater and Rainwater. Ahmet Sergin, International Association of Hydrogeologists, said groundwater management needed specific strategies and support for sustainable management. Hydrogeological systems have many unknown parameters. Surface water structures are under the control of the government while groundwater projects are owned by individual farmers and therefore it is hard to control consumption and pollution. GW management needs strong laws and institutions and therefore need special attention. All water is part of the hydrological system and should be considered together. Non-renewable groundwater is not part of the cycle but should be considered part of IWRM. There are human and environmental aspects and three factors , behaviour of system, growth and constraints , should be considered while developing plans. Collaboration between decision makers and policy makers, special attention to cultural issues on farm water management and rainwater harvesting should be included in institutional and legal aspects in IWRM. Stakeholder participation is critical for better groundwater management and they should be involved in projects from planning stage. Rainwater harvesting has three characteristics , it is decentralized, harvested through local action and is available for use at source. Managing and protecting groundwater is essential for sustaining life. But plans have many parts , laws, institutional framework, financial resources, etc. It's essential to explain IWRM to decision makers. A bridge between decision makers and technical people is needed for effective IWRM.
Ali BackoÄŸlu, Deputy Governor of Istanbul, encouraged enhancing collaboration among countries, sectors and stakeholders. Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan, said the Report will help policy makers to apply the most advanced approaches and technologies to water management.
Alexander Müller, FAO, Hasan Zuhuri Sarikaya, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Turkey, and Pasquale Steduto, UN-Water Chair / FAO, welcomed the launch of the report as a useful tool for the sustainable management of water resources. András Szöllözi-Nagy, UNESCO, emphasized that external factors impact water resources and that increased water storage capacity is essential for responding to climate change.
Olcay Ãœnver, World Water Assessment Programme, and William Cosgrove, WWDR-3, underscored the Report's paradigm shift from a water-specific focus to one that addresses the external drivers of water resource use, and the Report's linkages between water use and broader development objectives.
Kenneth Konga, Ministry of Energy and Water Development, Zambia, presented the Zambian case study from WWDR-3. Narcio-Rodrigues da Silveira, Vice President, Brazil, proposed the immediate constitution of a "World Water Parliament."
Yong-Joo Cho, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, outlined Korea's water management efforts in the context of climate change. Giorgio Sfara, Development Cooperation, Italy, highlighted the G8 Evian Plan and its enhanced implementation strategy in partnership with African countries.
Resource Team,
Water Community
From Himanshu Thakkar at SANDRP , www.sandrp.in
March 18, 2009
Press Statement: Indian Organisations Condemn Arrests at World Water Forum
We, the representatives of people's movements, civil society organizations and concerned individuals from India, condemn the arrest, deportation and repression of protestors at the World Water Forum (WWF), in progress at Istanbul, Turkey on March 16.
Outside the conference center just before the inaugural function of the World Water Forum riot police used water cannons and tear gas against 150 peaceful protestors who shouted "water for life, not for profit" in opposition to the WWF's agenda of water privatization and river destruction. Seventeen protestors were arrested.
As the opening ceremony of the WWF began, International Rivers' South Asia Director Ann-Kathrin Schneider and Climate Campaigner Payal Parekh unfurled a banner reading "No Risky Dams" in protest at the World Water Forum's promotion of destructive dams. They were arrested and are in jail since then.
The World Water Forum takes place every three years. It is organized by the World Water Council, a private organization whose most influential members are private water companies and some of the world's biggest dam construction companies, funders and government agencies.Â
We condemn the undemocratic nature of the World Water Forum and urge the World Water Council to respect and support the rights of all people to speak freely and protest peacefully.
The water and energy policies promoted by the WWF around the globe destroy communities and the environment. The past experience of mega dams in India and elsewhere points towards that. We call on the participants of the World Water Forum to embrace democratic, smarter and cleaner solutions and recognise Right to Water as a fundamental right and not to advance the agenda of privatization and commercialisation, with huge social and environmental costs. The World Water Forum should not be organised by the World Water Council, but by United Nations.
Signed by:
Amit Bhaduri, Professor Emeritus, JNU, New Delhi
Medha Patkar, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Madhya Pradesh
Himanshu Thakkar, SANDRP, New Delhi
Shripad Dharamadhikari, MANTHAN, Madhya Pradesh
Madhuresh Kumar, CACIM, New Delhi
Anil Varghese, Â New Delhi
Nimmi, Greenpeace, Bangalore
Satabdi Das, Association for India's Development, Bangalore Chapter
Pritpal Randhawa, Insitiute of Development Studies, University of Sussex , United Kingdom
Souparna Lahiri, NFFPFW, India
Anthony Tago, Arunachal Citizens Rights, India
Tone Mickrow, All Idu Mishmi Students Union, India
Testen Lepcha, Affected Citizens of Teesta, Sikkim
Ankur 'Toby' Ganguly, Greenpeace, India
Ashish Fernandes, Greenpeace, India
Leo Saldanah, Environment Support Group, India
Bhargavi S Rao, Environment Support Group, India
Mallesh KR, Environment Support Group, India
Joe Athialy, Delhi Solidarity Group, New Delhi
Seejal Dand, ANANDI, Ahmedabad
Neeta Hardikar, ANANDI, Dahod
Hiren Gandhi, DARSHAN, Ahmedabad
Darshan, INSAF, Ahmedabad
Saroop Dhruv, DARSHAN, Ahmedabad
Vimal Bhai, Matu Jan Sangathan, New Delhi
Ghanshyam Shah, Â Ahmedabad
Mukta Srivastava, NAPM, Mumbai
Simpreet Singh, Ghar Bachao Ghar Banao Andolan, Mumbai
Rajendera Ravi, IDS, New Delhi
Bhupendera Singh Rawat, Jan Sangharsh Vahini, New Delhi
Ashok Chaudhari, NFFPFW, Saharanpur
Roma, Â Uttar Pradesh
Munnilal, NFFPFW, Dehradun
Harekrishna Debnath, National Fishworker's Forum, Kolkata
Puneet Minj, JMACC, Ranchi
Prem Piram, JAGAR UTTRAKHAND, Uttrakhand
Manju Gardia, Programme for Social Action, Raipur
Mamta Kujur, Adivasi Mahila Mahasabha, Chattisgarh
Tapan Kumar Padhi, National Institute for Development, Bhubneshwar, Orissa
Darshini Mahadevia, Â India
Jai Sen, CACIM, New Delhi
Maju Varghese, Shehr Vikas Manch, Mumbai
K.T. Suresh, YUVA, Mumbai
TSS Mani, PUCL, Tamil Nadu
Aryakrishnan, Bookport, Ernakulam, Kerala
Amarjeet Kaur, AITUC, New Delhi
Rakesh Sharma, Filmmaker,Â
Dunnu Roy, Hazards Centre, New Delhi
Dr. David. L. Gosling, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Shalini Sharma, International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal, New Delhi
Shaktiman Ghosh, National Hawkers Federation, Kolkata
Sudipto Moitra, Hawkers Sangram Committee, Kolkata
Sanjoy Ganguly, Jana Sanskrit Centre for Theatre of the Oppressed, Kolkata
Dr. Virendra Vidhrohi, Matsya Mewat shiksha Evam Vikas Sansthan, Alwar, Rajasthan
Noor Mohammad, Matsya Mewat shiksha Evam Vikas Sansthan, Alwar, Rajasthan
Bhoga Nanjuda, CIEDS Collective & Karnataka Social Forum, Karnataka
Prasad Chacko, Initiative on Human Rights and Policy Analysis, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Naveen Chander, Progressive Students Union, New Delhi
Kalpana Mehta, Saheli Womens Resource Centre, New Delhi
Maitree Das Gupta, Greenpeace, Bangalore
Subhash Gatade, New Social Initiative, New Delhi
Jaya Mehta, Sandarbha Kendra, Indore
Vineet Tiwari, Progressive Writer's Association, Indore
Gautam Navlakha, People's Union for Democratic Rights, New Delhi
Shivani Chaudhary, Housing and Land Rights Network, New Delhi
Bipin Kumar, The Other Media, New Delhi
Benny Kuruvilla, Focus on Global South, New Delhi
Vasundhara Jairath, Inter Cultural Resources, New Delhi
Rohit Prajapati, People's Union for Civil Liberties, Gujarat
Trupti Shah, People's Union for Civil Liberties, Gujarat
Jose MJ, INSAF, Kerala Unit, Kerala
Ram Puniani, Ekta , Mumbai
Mangai, Â Chennai
Utkarsh Sinha, Centre For studies of contemporary studies and research, Lucknow
Kriti Team, Â New Delhi
Selva Ganpathy, Indian Institute of Delhi, New Delhi
Molana Hanif, Matsya Mewat shiksha Evam Vikas Sansthan, Alwar, Rajasthan
Arun Raj, Association for India's Development, New Delhi
Darshan Mehra, Association for India's Development, New Delhi
Meena Menon, Focus on Global South, Mumbai
Datta Ishwalker, Girni Kamgar Sangatha, Mumbai
Jatin Desai, Peace Mumbai , Mumbai
Shakeel Ahmed, Nirbhaya Bano Andolan, Mumbai
Neetu Routela, Â New Delhi
Vijayan MJ, Delhi Forum, New Delhi
Jibin Robin, Delhi Solidarity Group, New Delhi
Satinath Sarangi, International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Nityanand Jayaraman, Vettiver Collective, Chennai
Sandeep Ekka, Delhi Solidarity Group, New Delhi
Sanat Acharya, Freedom Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
Himanshu Upadhyay, Researcher, New Delhi
Munshi Khan, Matsya Mewat shiksha Evam Vikas Sansthan, Alwar, Rajasthan
Gabriela Dietrich, Pennurumai Iyyakum, Tamil Nadu
Adivasi Gothra Mahasabha, Kerala
Bargi Dam Visthapit Samiti, Madhya Pradesh
SEWA, Kerala
Sarsathali Project Affected People's Association, SPAPA, West Bengal
Janak, Â Mumbai Pani, Mumbai